What is the role of genes in heredity?

Genes play a fundamental role in heredity by carrying the hereditary information that is transmitted from parents to their offspring. This genetic information is encoded in the DNA and is responsible for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. When organisms reproduce, they pass a combination of genes to their progeny, which determines specific traits and characteristics inherited from each parent.

For instance, genes dictate observable traits such as eye color, hair type, and susceptibility to certain diseases. This transfer of genetic material ensures continuity and variation within species, which is a key aspect of heredity. The correct answer effectively captures the essence of how genetic information is passed through generations and influences the traits of offspring.