What primary process occurs during meiosis that contributes to genetic diversity?

During meiosis, the processes that significantly contribute to genetic diversity are independent assortment and genetic recombination. Independent assortment refers to the random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes during the formation of gametes in meiosis I. This process ensures that each gamete contains a mix of chromosomes from both parents, rather than receiving one complete set of chromosomes from either parent, leading to numerous possible combinations.

Genetic recombination, also known as crossing over, happens during prophase I of meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their DNA. This exchange results in new combinations of genes on each chromosome. As a result, the gametes produced are genetically unique.

The correct response indicates that both independent assortment and genetic recombination work together to enhance genetic diversity, making it a crucial aspect of sexual reproduction. This combination ensures that offspring have a wide variety of genetic traits, which can be advantageous for survival and adaptation.