Which method delivers genes without using a virus?

The method that delivers genes without using a virus is non-viral vector. Non-viral vectors are systems designed to transport genetic material into cells without the need for viral particles, which can sometimes introduce unwanted immune responses or integrate unpredictably into the host genome. These vectors can include liposomes, nanoparticles, or physical methods like electroporation and microinjection. They offer a safer alternative to viral methods, especially in therapeutic contexts where precision and reduced risk of side effects are crucial.

This method allows for the introduction of genes into target cells while maintaining control over the delivery process, making it a valuable tool in gene therapy and genetic research. In contrast, gene therapy is a broader term that may include both viral and non-viral methods, while gene editing refers specifically to techniques that alter the DNA sequence, such as CRISPR, without inherently involving gene delivery methods. Transgenic technology often involves the use of viral vectors to introduce genes into an organism's genome, particularly in the development of genetically modified organisms.